Resources & references
An annotated bibliography of the sources used by the thesis, and a cybersecurity glossary. Each reference is annotated to guide the reading.
First-hand sources for the documented cases and the forensic corpus.
Report on the RRN / Doppelganger campaign
The first public technical documentation of the campaign cloning the French press.
View the sourceReport on the Matriochka operation
The sower/relay architecture and the targeting of the fact-checking community.
View the sourceReport on the Portal Kombat network
A structured network of pro-Russian portals, built around the "pravda" ecosystem.
View the source2024 activity report
The annual synthesis, including the protection of the 2024 European and legislative elections.
View the sourceForeign Information Manipulation and Interference Threats Report
The European conceptual framework for FIMI and the taxonomy of observed behaviours.
View the sourceElection Reports, 2024 influence operations
A series of reports covering Storm-1516 and other multi-theatre operations.
View the sourceDoppelganger Hub
A documentary database of the domains, content and actors linked to the Doppelganger operation.
View the source"Russia's Pravda network expands worldwide"
An investigation into the international extension of the "pravda" network (formerly Portal Kombat).
View the sourceENISA Threat Landscape 2025
The annual overview of threats, including information manipulation.
View the sourceAttribution of the APT28 mode of operation to Russia
The reference document for France's public attribution of APT28, dated 29 April 2025.
View the sourceThe theoretical foundation of cognitive inoculation and of the analysis of manipulation.
Resistance to persuasion conferred by prior refutation
The founding theory of inoculation, the starting point of all the literature on prebunking.
A meta-analysis of research on inoculation theory
A quantitative synthesis of five decades of research on inoculation.
View the sourceFake news game confers psychological resistance to misinformation
A contemporary, experimental and gamified operationalisation of inoculation.
View the sourceThe Psychology of Misinformation
A reference synthesis on the cognitive mechanisms of disinformation and their correction.
Prophylactic versus therapeutic inoculation treatments
A discussion of the limits of prebunking in a saturated information environment.
The Russian "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model
A seminal model of the Russian strategy of information flooding.
View the sourceMisinformation and its correction, the continued influence effect
A demonstration of the persistence of false information after it has been debunked.
Work on analytic reasoning and disinformation
The role of analytic reasoning, and not partisan bias alone, in susceptibility to falsehood.
Automatic detection of whataboutism via NLP
A computational approach to identifying a recurring rhetorical technique of FIMI.
Manipulation techniques and science denial
A mapping of the rhetorical techniques of manipulation, useful for the design of prebunking.
La Démocratie des crédules (The Democracy of the Credulous)
A French-language reference on cognitive vulnerabilities in a deregulated information market.
Databases, verification desks and reference frameworks used or cited by the thesis.
EUvsDisinfo
The European database of pro-Kremlin disinformation cases.
View the sourceConspiracy Watch
French-language monitoring of conspiracism and its circulation.
View the sourceAFP Factuel
AFP's verification desk, regularly targeted by the Matriochka operation.
View the sourceCheckNews · Les Surligneurs
Verification on request, and legality-monitoring of public discourse.
CheckFirst
Investigation tools for influence operations and coordinated behaviour.
View the sourceBot Blocker
Detection of automated and inauthentic behaviour on social networks.
DISARM Framework
An open taxonomy of manipulation tactics and techniques, the coding framework of the corpus.
View the sourceScholarly references without a direct link can be identified by author, year and outlet; the editions and persistent identifiers will be completed when the manuscript is published.